🧾 What is RTI (Right to Information)?

The Right to Information Act, 2005 is a landmark law in India that gives every citizen the legal right to access information from the government. It promotes transparency, accountability, and participatory democracy.

This means any Indian citizen can ask for official records, decisions, documents, and reasons for government actions and the government must respond within 30 days.

🏛️ How RTI Works: The Structure

The RTI Act is both centralised and decentralised in its approach.

✅ Central Level

The Central Government has a main body:

• Central Information Commission (CIC) based in New Delhi

• Oversees all central government departments, ministries, and institutions (like Railways, Income Tax, Ministries, etc.)

✅ State Level

Each state has its own:

• State Information Commission (SIC)

• RTI Rules (administrative procedures may vary from state to state)

• SIC oversees state departments, state-run universities, local bodies, police, panchayats, etc.

RTI is a national law, but its application is decentralised across central and state levels for effective governance.

🧱 Three Levels of RTI Implementation

📋 How to File an RTI

1. Identify the Department (Central or State)

2. Write the RTI Application (simple question-based format)

3. Submit to the PIO (Public Information Officer)

4. Pay ₹10 Fee (Online/Offline/IPO depending on the department)

5. Get Reply in 30 Days (If not, you can appeal)

📍 State-wise RTI System

⚠️ Many State RTI websites are outdated or partially functional, so offline RTI remains more common in many states.

🧭 RTI Empowerment for Journalists and Citizens

✅ Journalists Use RTI For:

• Investigating government spending

• Checking criminal records of politicians

• Accessing information on police actions

• Uncovering scams and corruption

• Getting minutes of meetings or tenders

✅ Citizens Use RTI For:

• Knowing how taxes are spent

• Tracking ration card or pension status

• Understanding school/hospital funding

• Demanding road, drainage, or civic works

⚖️ Legal Backing of RTI

RTI is a fundamental right under Article 19(1)(a) of the Constitution (freedom of speech & expression), as recognized by the Supreme Court.

📌 RTI Limits & Exemptions

Not all info is shared. RTI does not allow:

• Info affecting national security

• Personal data (without public interest)

• Cabinet decisions (before finalized)

• Info under Official Secrets Act

💬 Appeals and Complaints

If you don’t get a response within 30 days:

• First Appeal – To the senior officer of the PIO

• Second Appeal – To CIC or SIC

• You can also file a complaint directly with CIC/SIC

🙌 Why RTI Matters

RTI is not just a tool — it’s power in your hands.

• Makes government answerable

• Gives voice to the voiceless

• Protects democracy

• Empowers investigative journalism